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Контрольная работа № 3 Английский язык

ДисциплинаИностранные языки
Тип работыКонтрольные
Количество страниц9
Год сдачи2019
Номер работы3138

О работе

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Содержание

Задание №1

1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1) What laws did Newton discover?
2) What theorem did he formulate while studying at University?

ISAAK NEWTON
1. Isaac Newton was born in 1642 in a family of a poor farmer. The boy began his first experiments at school.
2. While studying at Cambridge University, Newton formulated the binominal theorem. For the next two years he devoted himself to scientific experimentation.
3. Newton’s great discovery was the law of decomposition of light. The scientist proved that the white light of the sun is composed of rays of light of all colours of the rainbow. He also discovered the Law of Universal Gravitation which states that “every particle of matter is attracted by every other particle of matter with a force proportional to the square of their distance apart”.
4. His work Principia is considered to be one of the most important scientific books ever written, due to the style of the work, which assisted in setting standards for scientific publication down to present time. Newton applied the principle of gravitation to prove that power which guides the moon around the Earth and the planets around the Sun is the force of gravity. Another application of the law of universal gravitation was Newton’s exploration of the tides.
5. Newton was highly honoured by his countrymen and in 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society. Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

2. Переведите тест в письменной и устной форме.

3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитивные обороты.
1) My parents want me to become a chemist.
2) He is believed to be a very talented person.
3) Newton is considered to be the greatest English scientist.
4) They consider him to make a report.

4. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложение, содержащее один из инфинитивных оборотов.

5. Определите функции инфинитива и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) To carry out the experiment he will install new equipment in the laboratory.
2) The experiment to be carried out in our laboratory is very important.
3) He forgot to register the results of the experiment.

6. Поставьте модальный глагол в Present, Past и Future Tenses (настоящее, прошедшее и будущее время (9 предложений)), используя заменители модальных глаголов, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) He … work hard at his experiment.
2) He … work hard at his experiment.
3) He … work hard at his experiment.
4) I … devote myself to scientific work.
5) I … devote myself to scientific work.
6) I … to devote myself to scientific work.
7) You … repeat the experiment.
8) You … repeat the experiment.
9) You …. to repeat the experiment.

7. Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями some, no, any и переведите предложения на русский язык (в некоторых предложениях возможны два варианта):
1) Metric system has … advantages over the English system.
2) Do you remember … facts from Newton’s biography?
3) The young engineer has … experience in such work.
4) There’s … knowing how long it will last.

Задание №2

LONDON

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and commercial center. It’s one of the largest cities in the word and the largest city in Europe. Its population is about 8 million. London is one of the oldest and most interesting cities in the world. Traditionally it is divided into several parts: the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The heart of London is the City, its financial and business centre. Numerous banks, offices and firms are situated there including the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. Over a million people come to the City to work. There are some famous ancient buildings within the City. The best known of them are St. Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of English churches, and the Tower of London. The Tower was founded by Julius Caesar.

Westminster is the historic, the governmental part of London. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey. Many outstanding people are buried here: Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Kipling, etc.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace or the House of Parliament. The Clock Tower of the house is famous for Big Ben, the big hour bell. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. The best shops, restaurants, clubs and theatres are situated there.
Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London. It was named in memory of Admiral Nelson’s victory in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. There are a lot of museums, galleries in London. The British museum is the biggest museum. It contains a priceless collection of ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures and is famous for its library.

The East End is the industrial district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks here. The East End is populated by working class families.

Задание №3

MOTIVATION

1. DEFINITION OF MOTIVATON
Motivation is the personal internal “force” that causes people to work to achieve organizational goals and by doing it to satisfy their personal needs.
The task of manager is to create possibilities for the employees to satisfy their needs to full extent as a reward for their work and skills.

2. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
There are some scientific theories of motivation. Taken together, these models of motivation present a good “guide book” for managers. We consider only some of them.
One of the first approaches to employees’ motivation was Fredrick Taylor’s scientific theory. Taylor believed that employees work only for money and that they must be closely supervised and managed. He reasoned that the pay should be tied to output because workers “soldiered” or worked slowly. He said that the more a person produces, the more he or she should be paid. This gave the rise to the piece-rate system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce. This theory didn’t take into account social processes in the workplace.
Douglas McGregor named this view Theory X and then described an alternative view called Theory Y which was based on the idea that employees can be motivated to behave as responsible members of an organization when it is clear to them that accomplishing the organizational goals will bring them personal rewards. This leads to the dedication and loyalty to the firm. Dedication and satisfaction of employees’ needs can thus increase the productivity. People will work towards goals to which they are committed.
McGregor maintained that his theory (Theory Y) was much more effective as a guide for managers. However human motivation is a complex and dynamic process to which there is no simple key. A variety of factors must be considered in any attempt to increase a motivation.

3. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS.
Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, advanced a theory of needs. Maslow assumed that people seek to satisfy a variety of needs. He assumed that they can be arranged according to their importance in a sequence known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs or Maslow’s pyramid of needs:
5. Self-realization needs - The uppermost level
4. Esteem needs
3. Social needs
2. Safety needs
1. Physiological needs - The most basic level

The physiological needs are at the most basic level, they are the things we require to survive. These needs include food and water, clothing, shelter, and sleep. In employment context, these needs are usually satisfied by adequate wages.
At the next level are safety needs, things we require for physical and emotional security. Safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
Next are the social needs human requirements for love and affection and sense of belonging. To an extent, these needs can be satisfied through work environment and the informal organization. But social relationships beyond the work-place – with family and friends, for example – are needed too.
At the level of esteem needs, we require respect and recognition (the esteem of others), as well as a sense of our own accomplishment and worth (self-esteem). These needs may be satisfied through personal accomplishment, promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
The most upper level is self-realization needs, the needs of people to increase all their human potentials and capabilities. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy, and the means of satisfying them vary with the individual. For some people learning a new skill, starting a new career, or becoming “the best” at some endeavor may be the way to satisfy self-realization needs.
Maslow suggested that the people should work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the “needs ladder”. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before the needs at the next level come into play. As needs at one level are satisfied, people try to satisfy needs at the next level.

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