Английский для химиков Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант 3 – Ответы

Содержание

Контрольная работа № 1.
Вариант 3

I. Переведите текст на русский язык (письменно)

A quick look at the history of the periodic table
Greek thinkers, about 400BC, used the words “element”, and “atom” to describe the smallest parts of matter. Much later, Boyle, an experimenter like Galileo and Bacon, and who was influenced much by Democritus, Gassendi, and Descartes, lent important weight to the atomic theory in the 1600s. It was Lavoisier who divided the elements known in the 1700’s into four classes, and then John Dalton made atoms even more convincing, suggesting that the mass of an atom was its most important property.
In the early 1800’s Dobereiner noted that similar elements often had relative atomic masses and De Chancourtois made a cylindrical table of elements to display the periodic reoccurrence of properties. Cannizaro determined atomic weights, beginning with Hydrogen. This made evident that “the eighth element, starting from a given one, is a kind of repetition of the first”, which Newlands called the Law of Octaves.
Both Meyer and Mendeleev constructed periodic tables independently, Meyer more impressed by the periodicity of physical properties, while Mendeleyev was more interested in the chemical properties. Mendeleyev published his periodic table & law in 1869 and forecast the properties of missing elements, and chemists began to appreciate it when the discovery of elements predicted by the table took place. The “modern” periodic table is very much like a later table by Meyer, arranged, as was Mendeleyev’s, according to the size of the atomic weight, but with Group 0 added by Ramsay. Later, the table was reordered by Mosely according to atomic numbers (nuclear charge) rather than by weight.

II. Грамматические упражнения

1. Заполните пропуски глаголами to be или to have в нужной форме.
1. A polymerization reaction … a type of synthesis in which the product is formed hundreds and thousands of simpler elements.
2. Concentrated acids … extremely dangerous.
3. Meyer … impressed by the periodicity of physical properties.
4. In the Newlands’ periodic table each element … a serial number in order of its atomic weight.
5. This term we … eight lessons of English.

2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в подходящее время группы Simple или Continuous. Предложения переведите.
1. New drugs (to begin) in the laboratory with biochemists who (to identify) the nature of a disease and its biological markers – usually proteins.
2. The periodic Law (to reveal) important analogies among the 94 naturally occurring elements, and (to stimulate) renewed interest in Inorganic Chemistry.
3. When a man (to come) into the drugstore, the pharmacist (to talk) by phone with somebody.
4. Yesterday at 9 p. m. I (to sit) in the laboratory and (to try) to make a colored solution for the experiment.
5. Acids which (to come) from plants and animals are called organic acids.
6. They (to continue) their research work the next year.
7. Stop talking! I (to try) to concentrate on this chemical problem.

3. Задайте специальный вопрос к выделенным словам в предложении.
1. The research revealed the structures of the molecules.
2. Molecules in a given organic group (monosaccharides, for example) share come properties.
3. Each individual type of molecule in the group has a unique set of properties: shape, size, charge, and others.
4. Insulin, collagen, and reverse transcriptase differ in size, molecular weight, and shape.
5. Close inspection will reveal that these three different molecules are made from the same group of only five chemical elements: C, H, N, O, S.

4. Измените предложения, поставив модальный глагол в прошедшее время или подобрав ему соответствующий эквивалент.
1. You must now be able to infer the relative solubilities of most of the acids.
2. You must treat the acids and alkalis with great care.
3. Both molecules can assume an equally large number of possible shapes
4. He is able to write a general rule that relates the length of a fatty acid chain to the number of shapes possible.
5. The carboxyl group of these molecules can undergo reversible dissociation

5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на порядок слов при переводе оборота there is/there are.
1. There are several ways of representing molecules on a printed page, as you’ve seen in your textbook.
2. There is no distinction of alpha versus beta forms of glucose.
3. In fact, there are thousands of types of proteins, all of them made from this same set of only five elements.
4. There are two geometric isomer forms of this unsaturated fatty acid molecule
5. The more double bonds there are in the chain, the more bends there are

6. Поставьте глаголы в предложениях в отрицательную форму.
1. I will prescribe you a mixture to relive cough.
2. This reaction breaks the previously made bond between glycerol and the acid
3. Your stereo viewers showed this feature of atoms.
4. You will know when you really have the 3-D view of the molecules.
5. I saw a few people in my area with hepatitis C.
6. I asked him a ton of questions about this diet
7. He is currently working at the color coding in dentistry

7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. Титан более устойчив к коррозии, чем сталь
2. Серебро – лучший из всех металлов проводник тепла и электричества
3. При использовании бромокриптина менее часты бред, тошнота и пониженное давление
4. Все больше медицинских институтов включает в программу курсы по альтернативным (нетрадиционным) методам лечения
5. Железо и медь в три раза тверже алюминия

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