Самостоятельная работа № 3 Англ. язык – Ответы

Содержание

Самостоятельная работа № 3
ВАРИАНТ 3

MARKET ECONOMIES
A society may attempt to deal with the basic economic problems by allowing free play to what are known as market forces. The state plays little or no part in economic activity. Most of the people in the non-communist world earn and spend in societies, which are still fundamentally market economies.
The market system of economic organization is also commonly described as a free enterprise or laissez- faire, or capitalist system. We shall use all these terms to stand for a market economy. Strictly speaking the pure market of laissez-faire system has never existed. Whenever there has been some form of political organization, the political authority has exercised some economic functions (e.g. controlling prices or levying taxation). It is useful, however, to consider the way in which a true market system would operate because it provides us with a simplified model, and by making modifications to the model we can approach the more realistic situations step by step.
The framework of a market or capitalist system contains six essential features. They are: 1. private property; 2. freedom of choice and enterprise; 3. self-interest as the dominating motive; 4. competition; 5. a reliance on the price system; 6. a very limited role for government.
1. Private property. The institution of private property is a major feature of capitalism. It means that individuals have the right to own, control and dispose of land, buildings, machinery, and other natural and man-made resources. Man-made aids to production such as machines, factories, docks, oil refineries and road networks are known as capital. Private property not only confirms the right to own and dispose of real assets, it provides the owners of property with right to income from that property in the form of rent, interest and profits.
2. Freedom of choice and enterprise. Freedom of enterprise means that individuals are free to buy and hire economic resources, to organise these resources for production, and to sell their products in the markets of their own choice. Persons undertaking these activities are known as entrepreneurs and such people are free to enter and leave the industry.
Freedom of choice means that owners of land and capital are allowed to use these resources as they see fit. It also means that workers are free to enter (and leave) any occupations for which they are qualified. Finally it means that consumers are free to spend their incomes in any way they wish. The freedom of consumer choice is usually held to be the most important of these economic ‘freedoms’. In the models of capitalism, producers respond to consumers' preferences – they produce whatever consumers demand.

Пояснения к тексту:
As they see fit – по своему усмотрению

I. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

II. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How is the market system described?
2. What are the main features of a market system?
3. What does private property mean?
4. Who has the right to income from the property?
5. What does freedom of choice mean for owners, workers, consumers?

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
a) 1. Strictly speaking, the pure market system has never existed.
2. Producers respond to the consumers’ preferences.
3. The distribution of industry has become a major feature of government economic policy.
b) 1. The market system of economic organization is also commonly described as a free enterprise or capitalist system.
2. Man-made aids to production are known as capital.
3. The ordinary share capital of a company is usually referred to as the equity of the company.
c) 1. The market system of economic organization is also commonly described as a free enterprise or capitalist system.
2. Man-made aids to production are known as capital.
3. The ordinary share capital of a company is usually referred to as the equity of the company.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Making modifications to the model we can approach the more realistic situations step by step.
2. Persons undertaking these activities are known as entrepreneurs.
3. The information obtained is very valuable.
4. In market economies changes in price are never results of regulations imposed by government.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русcкий язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении.
1. It would be a criminal offense to ask the public to subscribe to the shares.
2. A private company must include the word “limited” in its name.
3. The private limited company is limited in its ability to expand because it may lack sufficient capital.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. Salaries large corporations can offer are high and allow corporations to employ high professionals.
2. The report the auditor prepares annually should be available to the company’s shareholders.
3. Money can be used to buy things we wish to consume.

Вы можете убедиться в качестве данной работы. Часть контрольной представлена ниже: