Тексты для самостоятельного чтения Английский язык Раздел III – Перевод

Содержание

РАЗДЕЛ III

Тексты для самостоятельного чтения

Text 1. International Trade in the United Kingdom.

Difficulties Faced by Exporters.
When exporters sell goods to other countries they can come across certain problems.
There are differences in language. Letters, labels and catalogues may have to be translated from, for example, English into German. Currency differences bring exchange rate problems. AUK exporter might sell a machine for $ 4,500 in the USA. These dollars will then have to be changed into pounds sterling. If the exchange rate is &1 = $ 1.50 the exporter will receive &3000. When exporters sell goods on credit there is always the danger that customers will not pay what they owe. This is a credit risk. If the foreign firms are far away it becomes more difficult for exporters to decide if they will be paid. Delivery may be difficult. Longer distances are likely to be involved and more than one form of transport may have to be used. There are risks of damage and theft. When goods are being transported over long distances there is more chance that the goods will be damaged or stolen. There are difficulties with standardization of produce. For example, cars exported to the USA are usually left-hand drive. Import controls, for example, taxes on imports, may cause delays. Differences in language and the longer distances involved make it more difficult for exporters to obtain information.

Government Help for Exporters.
The United Kingdom government helps exporters in a number of ways. The Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD) is part of the De¬partment of Trade and Industry. It acts like an insurance company by offering credit insurance. Exporters pay premiums to the ECGD and then will be able to claim compensation if their customers do not pay what they owe. The British Overseas Trade Board (BOTB) is part of the Department of Trade and Industry. It can give information to exporters about, for example, the types of product wanted in other countries and the forms which have to be completed when selling to those countries.
United Kingdom embassies in foreign countries have commercial staff who can help United Kingdom firms to sell in those countries.

Текст 1. Международная торговля в Соединенном Королевстве.

Text 2. Discussion
Pat Thompson: Hello, Susan, how are you these days?
Susan Shields: Hi, Pat! Nice to hear from you again.
Pat Thompson: Look, Susan, I'm phoning you because we've got to put on a conference next month, and I remember you made most of the arrangements last time. And things went so smoothly, I thought I couldn't do better than ask you for some tips.
Susan Shields: I'd be glad to help. Is it a sales conference again?
Pat Thompson: Yes, in a way. It's mainly for agents, and we're inviting a few of our influential customers. The objectives are mainly to introduce the products we're putting on the market next season, to describe our services to customers, and so on.
Susan Shields: And how many people are expected to attend this time? Last year it was about 120.
Pat Thompson: Yes, We're counting on 150 this time. No more.
Susan Shields: And is it during the school holidays? If so, you could use the Technical College again.
Pat Thompson: That's the trouble. It'll be a bit later this year, so I was thinking of the Northwest Conference Hall. It's big enough, I think, though it'll be more expensive.
Susan Shields: Yes, I remember. We went there about five years ago. But have they got enough rooms for discussion groups? I suppose there'll be some group meetings as well, or workshops.
Pat Thompson: Well, I must go into that. We haven't worked out all those details yet. Then there are other things to arrange like loudspeakers and visual aids. I'm going to make a checklist.
Susan Shields: Yes, I did that too. I say. Pat, have you got the files I had on last year's confer¬ence? They'd give you some help. And, of course I'd be glad to give you a hand too.
Pat Thompson: That would be great, Susan. I'd very much like the chance of using some of your experience. May I invite you to lunch, and then we could have a bit of a planning session about it all afterwards. What about next Wednesday?
Susan Shields: I think that's OK by me. I'll ring you back, shall I?
Pat Thompson: Please do. Looking forward to hearing from you again, Susan, and thanks.
Susan Shields: That's OK, Pat. Bye.

Текст 2. Обсуждение

Text 3. Small Firms. Advantages and disadvantages.
Small firms actually have advantages over large firms in many cases. One advantage of small firms is that they often grow into large firms. Many of today's small firms will become giants in tomorrow's business world.
Some of the situations in which small firms have distinct ad¬vantages are the following:
1. When new products or ideas are being tried. Small firms ha¬ve much flexibility. Decisions can be made and implemented quickly.
2. When the personal attention of the owner is essential to daily operations. If the owner's presence is important to the growth of the business, it will be more successful if the business is small enough for one person to supervise.
3. Where personal services, either professional or skilled, are dominant. Examples of this include beauty parlors, real estate offices, interior-decorating firms, TV repair shops. Medical and dental services are also usually rendered by small firms.
4. When the market for the product or service is mainly local. In some types of firms, it is not economical to attempt a scale of operations that exceeds the local market demand. The making of bricks or concrete blocks for the construction industry is an example. Transportation costs are prohibitive for moving such products.
5. When the industry is characterized by wide variations in de¬mand or in styles. Examples of these include ladies' dress lines, orna¬mental candles, and custom-made chandeliers and lamp shades.
6. When close rapport with personnel is essential. Small firm owners usually have the advantage of being close to employees. They know problems from daily conversations and can adjust employment to a person's abilities better because of this close association. As a re¬sult, they are usually able to maintain better morale and efficiency in the firm, which is important in any business.
Small firms are often said to labor under such disadvantages as the inability to secure competent employees, the inability to cope with monopolistic practices, the inability to finance expansion when it has been proved to be practicable, tax burdens', limited vendor goodwill, discriminatory practices by large shopping-center developers, lack of time for the small proprietor to handle multiple assignment, lack of research facilities, and the problems of making a new firm or product known in its market.
Many of the disadvantages of small firms could be overcome with positive planning. Good research in the planning stage can reveal opportunities for success. It can also indicate when a business that is contemplated should not be undertaken.

Текст 3. Малые предприятия. Преимущества и недостатки.

Text 4. From a manufacturer to a large retailer.
MODERN
PLASTICS LTD.
Manufacturers of Plasticware Melox House
PORTSMOUTH
12 January 20 . .

Messrs. L. Thompson & Son
24 Beachview Avenue
Liverpool

Dear Sirs,
We are very pleased to have your enquiry, and are enclosing the price-list you requested, together with our terms of sale.
As you have evidently realized, plastic kitchenware is here to stay - it has already ousted heavy and expendable metal, glass and china from the modern kitchen. Dealers who have displayed our brightly coloured range have reported good sales even in the present season, when hardware sales are usually at their lowest.
After studying our prices and our liberal terms to the trade, you will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand. We would advise you, therefore, to let us have your order by the end of the month, as this will enable you to have stocks of our attractive lines by Easter.
We look forward to the opportunity of being of service to you.

Текст 4. От производителя до крупного розничного продавца.

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