Задание 2 по теме «The United Nations» (1 семестр) – Ответы

Содержание

THE UNITED NATIONS
Task 1. Read the text. Make a list of new words. Translate all of them. Explain in English the meaning of any 5-7 new words.

Filipino Immigrants in the United States
Filipino immigrants constitute one of the largest foreign-born groups in the United States. Since 1990, the Philippines have been consistently among the top 22 five countries of origin, accounting for 4.5 percent of the 41.3 million total immigrant population in the United States.
Three major waves characterize the history of Filipino immigration to the United States. Following the U.S. annexation of the Philippines in 1899, the United States began sponsoring Filipino students to study at U.S. colleges and universities. Over the next three decades, increasing numbers of Filipinos migrated to the western part of the country, largely California and Hawaii (then a U.S. territory), to fill agricultural labor shortages once occupied by Chinese and Japanese laborers. Filipino migration was made easier by their status as U.S. nationals, as they were not subject to the restrictions faced by other non-European groups in the early 20th century.
By 1934, Filipino migration to the United States slowed dramatically due to both the Great Depression and the passing of the Tydings-McDuffie Act. The act, which committed the U.S.to grant Philippine independence by 1945, also placed unprecedented quotas on immigration from the islands to only 50 per year. By 1945, many in the United States viewed Filipinos as loyal allies in World War II, and the quotas were doubled in 1946 (to 100 per year).
The second wave of Filipino immigration began in the aftermath of World War II. More than 100 Filipinos arrived annually outside the quota, primarily as “war brides” to U.S. servicemen and as recruits into the U.S. armed forces, particularly the U.S. Navy. In addition, an increasing number of Filipinos arrived in the United States to train as nurses and other health-care workers. While the postwar period saw a modest influx of Filipinos, particularly higher-educated professionals, their numbers grew considerably in the third major wave of immigration after 1965.
The Filipino immigrant community in the United States jumped from 105,000 in 1960 (1.1 percent of all immigrants) to 1,844,000 in 2013 (4.5 percent). Some of this increase is a direct result of the Immigration and Nationality Act’s removal of the national-origin system in 1965, but some is also related to long- established governmental and business relationships between the two countries, economic and educational opportunities in the United States, and a general culture of migration in the Philippines that encourages and helps facilitate both labor migration to and remittances from the United States and elsewhere. While the number of Filipino immigrants has risen alongside other Asian groups since 1965, their unique historical experience as former nationals, close historic ties to the U.S. military, and prevalence in health-care professions sets Filipino immigrants apart from the other top five immigrant groups: Mexicans, Indians, Chines, and Vietnamese.
Today, most Filipino immigrants in the United States obtain lawful permanent residence (LPR)-also known as receiving a “green card”-through family reunification channels, either as immediate relatives of the U.S. citizens or as other family-sponsored immigrants. Many also receive LPR status through employment-based channels.
Compared to the total foreign-born population in the United States, Filipino immigrants were more likely to have strong English-language skills and be college educated. They were also more likely to be naturalized U.S. citizens, have higher income and lower poverty rates, and were less likely to be uninsured. Further, Filipino immigrants were much more likely to have completed at least a high school education than other immigrant groups: 8 percent of Filipino immigrants reported having less than a high school diploma, compared to 30 percent among all foreign-born adults.
Filipino immigrants participated in the labor force at slightly higher rates than both the overall immigrant and the U.S.-born populations. In 2013, about 69 percent of Filipino immigrants age 16 and over were in the civilian labor force, compared to 67 percent and 63 percent of all immigrants and native born, respectively. Individuals from the Philippines were more likely to be employed in management, business, science, and arts occupations (43 percent) than either all immigrants (30 percent) or the U.S. born (38 percent), and were much less likely to be employed in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations (4 percent) than the other two groups. Notably, Filipino immigrant participation in the U.S. armed services parallels the native-born population (about 0.5 percent each), in comparison to the overall foreign-born population (about 0.1 percent). This could be due to a long tradition of Filipino participation in the U.S. Navy in the 20th century.
Filipino immigrants had much higher incomes compared to the overall foreign- and native-born groups. Last year the median income of households headed by a Filipino immigrant was $82,370, versus $48,100 and $53,000 for all immigrant and the U.S.-born households, respectively.

Task 2. Give the extensive answers to these discussion questions. Comment upon the text
a) How many Filipino migration waves are mentioned in the text? What are the reasons?
b) What are Filipino immigrants’ labor and educational opportunities in the United States?
c) What makes Filipino immigrants’ community in the United States special?

Task 3. Use these expressions in the sentences of your own

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